What is cephalic index in orthodontics?

cephalometric analysis The process of evaluating dental and skeletal relationships by way of measurements obtained directly from the living head or, more commonly, from cephalometric radiographs and tracings. Refers also to the standardized sets of cephalometric measurements (e.g., Downs Analysis) commonly used in the evaluation.





cephalometric landmarks Points on a cephalometric radiograph or tracing representing certain hard or soft tissue anatomical structures (anatomical landmarks) or intersections of lines (constructed landmarks).





A point Subspinal (Downs) The deepest (most posterior) midline point on the curvature between the ANS and prosthion.





ANS anterior nasal spine The tip of the bony anterior nasal spine at the inferior margin of the piriform aperture, in the midsagittal plane.





AR articulare A constructed point representing the intersection of three radiographic images: the inferior surface of the cranial base and the posterior outlines of the ascending rami or mandibular condyles.





B point (Downs) The deepest (most posterior) midline point on the bony curvature of the anterior mandible, between infradentale and pogonion.





Bolton point (Broadbent) The highest points on the outlines of the retrocondylar fossae of the occipital dome, approximates the center of the foramen magnum.





GO gonion The most posterior inferior point on the outline of the angle of the mandible.





key ridge The most inferior point on the zygomatic process of the maxilla as seen in a lateral cephalometric radiograph; the craniometric point zygomaxillare.





NA nasion The intersection of the internasal and frontonasal sutures, in the midsagittal plane.





OR orbitale The lowest point on the inferior orbital margin.





POG pogonion The most anterior point on the contour of the bony chin, in the midsagittal plane.





PO porion The most superior point of the outline of the external auditory meatus.





PNS posterior nasal spine The most posterior point on the bony hard palate in the midsagittal plane; the meeting point between the inferior and the superior surfaces of the bony hard palate (nasal floor) at its posterior aspect.





R point (Broadbent) A cephalometric reference point for registration of superimposed tracings.





S sella tursica The geometric center of the pituitary fossa (sella turcica), determined by inspection ? a constructed point in the mid-sagittal plane.





cephalometric radiograph A standardized radiograph of the head characterized by a precisely defined relationship among x-ray source, subject and film. By convention, the distance between x-ray source and the 'center' of the subject (midsagittal plane or transporionic axis) is either 5 feet (1 52.4 cm.) or 150 cm. The distance between the midsagittal plane or transporionic axis of the subject and film is approximately 12 cm., but may be standardized at a different value or varied according to head size and recorded for each exposure. The standard projections are lateral (profile) and posteroanterior (P-A).





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What is cephalic index in orthodontics?
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